Vol 14, Num 3

COVID-19 y embarazo: revisión narrativa sobre el comportamiento clínico-epidemiológico, repercusiones y riesgo de transmisión vertical .

Loyola-Pedraja, D, Lima-García, J.

Texto completo PDF.

Resumen (ES)

La COVID-19, enfermedad causada por el coronavirus denominado SARSCoV-2, fue declarada como pandemia por la OMS el 11 de marzo del 2020. Venezuela, último país de América Latina en evidenciar la presencia del virus, el 13 de marzo del 2020, mantiene el aumento de la curva de casos en la actualidad, con mayor incidencia en el grupo de edad comprendido entre los 20 y 29 años, que engloba a las mujeres en edad reproductiva. Durante el embarazo ocurren cambios fisiológicos en la embarazada que la predisponen a un mayor riesgo de infecciones y complicaciones ante enfermedades respiratorias como la COVID-19. Los factores de riesgo asociados a enfermedad grave y mortalidad por la COVID-19 durante el embarazo son: edad mayor a 35 años, raza negra o hispana, obesidad, Hipertensión Arterial y Diabetes. La mayoría de las gestantes COVID-19 positivas son asintomáticas o presentan síntomas leves. Los síntomas más comunes son: tos, fiebre, cefalea, mialgias, dificultad para respirar, pérdida del gusto y el olfato. La mortalidad materna parece ser más alta en embarazadas COVID-19 positivas, así como, se ha asociado a un incremento en las tasas generales de partos prematuros y cesáreas. En cuanto a las repercusiones fetales, se ha informado un aumento de la tasa de mortinatos entre las gestantes hospitalizadas por COVID-19. No existen criterios establecidos para su diagnóstico de la transmisión vertical del SARS-CoV-2, por lo que el riesgo aún no es claro. Se han publicado pocos trabajos que reportan una baja incidencia de aproximadamente el 3%

Palabras clave: COVID-19; embarazo; SARS-CoV-2; transmisión vertical de enfermedad infecciosa.

 

Resumen (EN)

COVID-19, a disease caused by the coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, was declared a pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020. Venezuela, the last country in Latin America to show the presence of the virus, on March 13. 2020, maintains the increase in the curve of cases at present, with the highest incidence in the age group between 20 and 29 years, which includes women of reproductive age. During pregnancy, physiological changes occur in the pregnant woman that predispose her to a greater risk of infections and complications from respiratory diseases such as COVID-19. Risk factors associated with serious illness and mortality from COVID-19 during pregnancy are: age over 35, black or Hispanic race, obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Most COVID-19 positive pregnant women are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. The most common symptoms are: cough, fever, headache, myalgia, shortness of breath, loss of taste and smell. Maternal mortality appears to be higher in COVID-19 positive pregnant women, and it has also been associated with an increase in overall rates of preterm birth and cesarean section. Regarding fetal repercussions, an increase in the stillbirth rate has been reported among pregnant women hospitalized for COVID-19. There are no established criteria for its diagnosis of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2, so the risk is not yet clear. Few articles have been published reporting a low incidence of approximately 3%.

Keywords: COVID-19; pregnancy; SARS-CoV-2; vertical infection transmission.

 

 

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